INVESTMENTS Archives | Page 2 of 2 | Blog

A real gem in the trash bond market of Europe

These days, I’ve been looking for high-yield bonds to diversify the overall exposure of my portfolio and also reduce the correlation to the US equity market. I’ve my own screening tools, which returned a bunch of bonds with over 20% YTM. Most of them were really junk, and the Yield To Maturity (YTM) is a real function of the implied risk.

I was intrigued by 300 mln KME bond ISIN XS1756722069 expiring on February 2023, 6.75% interest, and currently trading at around 67. It was trading at 35 during the pick of the COVID19 crisis. Wow, what’s behind this company? I did my research, and I figured out that KME is a pan-European industrial group and a global market leader in copper and copper alloy products. This sounded very interesting to me!

KME is profitable and a market leader in its segment. So why its bond is considered junk? Well, it is because of its outstanding debt (237 mln as of December 2019). I found out that KME 2019 EBITDA is around 86 mln, which means its net debt/EBITDA is approximately 3x, which doesn’t look so stretched to me. But Moody’s is currently rating this stock junk because it trades at over 7x net debt/EBITDA. What on Earth is Moody’s looking at? They are looking at the Staff Severance Reserve (SSR) around 218 mln and including it in the net financial position. But is that correct? I think it is not because SSR isn’t debt!

Eventually, they expect KME to collapse next year. How is it possible with copper price at its five years high? Frankly, I don’t know what Moody’s is looking at and, more important, I’m not interested in. I feel like a guy who found a rare gem! KME bond could deliver me more than 20% return per year over the next two years and a half! This is what matters to me!

What makes me even more confident is that the bond is guaranteed by KME plants in Germany and Italy, and it is callable at a modest par premium on February 21. Seriously, this is music to my hears!

Going deeply into my research, I also found out that KME is fully controlled by Intek, a holding company listed on the Italian stock market. I figured out that almost 90% of Intek NAV is represented by KME. Intek market cap is around 112 mln, which means that either KME is worth some 100 mln (but Intek balance sheet factors in 489mln value for KME) or that Intek company is trading at some 70% discount to NAV! I would bet on the second option.

Furthermore, Intek is an outstanding bond whose YTM is lower than the KME one. How is this possible if KME is Intek’s trophy asset pledged to guarantee the KME bond?

So, why not also buy Intek shares? Because these shares are not covered by any analyst, and there is no consensus. I’ve seen many stories like this one in the Italian market. These kinds of companies are managed by entrepreneurs (in this case, two entrepreneurs representing the Gotha of Italian capitalism) who think the sun shines just out of their asses and are willing to screw minorities. They know that Intek is mispriced and KME as well, but they don’t care about it as long as they continue doing their business.

To make a long story short, I believe I found out a mispriced asset where its owners are aware of such mispricing, which, for certain reasons, is also functional to their business.

I’m not interested in whether this mispricing would disappear at a certain point in time because I’m not buying Intek shares. I’m just interested in the fact that they will continue absolving their obligations on the KME bond. I believe they will because KME assets pledged to guarantee the KME bond are the pillars of their castle!

About Antonio Velardo

Antonio Velardo is an experienced Italian Venture Capitalist and options trader. He is an early Bitcoin and Ethereum adopter and evangelist who has grown his passion and knowledge after pursuing the Blockchain Strategy Programme at Oxford University and a Master’s degree in Digital Currency at Nicosia University.

Velardo manages an 8-figure portfolio of his investment company with a team of analysts; he is a sort of FinTweet mentor, people interact with him online, and he has more than 40,000 followers after his tweets. He has built a fortune in the great tech years and put together a tail strategy during the pandemic that allowed him to take advantage of the market drop. “I did not time the market, and I did not think this was even a black sworn,” he says.

On the side of the financial markets, Velardo has a unique combination. He was a real estate entrepreneur that developed several projects in Tunisia, Miami, Italy, the UK, and many other countries and cities. But he has always been passionate about options trading. Still, contrary to the volatility player and quant trading, he always had a value investing touch in his blood. Antonio studied Value Investing at Buffet’s famous business school at Columbia University. Even though the central concepts of value investing are antagonists to the venture capital pillars, Antonio’s approach tries to bridge elements of both worlds in order to seek alpha. Velardo has learned the importance of spotting pure growth stories and taking advantage of their S-Curve position. This is an essential element of Velardo’s approach as he looks forward to embracing great tech stories at the right time of the adoption cycle. This applies to stocks but also to blockchain projects.

by Antonio Velardo

Value Investing Analysis: Park Hotels & Resorts (PK)

Many of my friends, employees, and followers ask me how I analyze companies before investing. My answer is usually “that depends on my investment approach for that particular asset”. Park Hotels & Resorts (PK) has been one of my last moves in value investing, so I would like to share with you, in a simplified way, how I analyzed this particular stock at this particular time.

Park Hotels & Resorts is a USA Hotel REIT that initially was a spin-off of Hilton (HLT). Most of its real estate assets are in a public REIT whose portfolio consists of 60 premium-branded hotels and resorts, all currently located in the USA. Their mission is “to be the preeminent lodging REIT, focused on consistently delivering superior, risk-adjusted returns for stockholders through active asset management and a thoughtful external growth strategy while maintaining a strong and flexible balance sheet.”

PK, being among the top 30 in the USA, is a large REIT. It currently has 60 Branded Hotels with 33k+ rooms. A significant acquisition was made in 2019: PK purchased Chesapeake Lodging Trust for $2.5B, diversifying its assets locations and expanding its exposure to Marriot and Hyatt brands. Management has been able to dispose of and acquire Hotels effectively.

Since the spin-off, PK’s management has disposed of 24 hotels and acquired another 18 changing the hotel adjusted EBITDA from $97M to $181M. In 2018 13 hotels were sold for $519M, 10 of them belonged to its international division. In 2019 other 8 hotels were sold for $497M, and they acquired Chesapeake. Finally, in 2020 they sold their last two foreign hotels for $208M getting out of the international market.

Pk's Portfolio

Its geographical distribution is impressive, from the San Francisco Union square to the Hilton New York midtown. More than 85% of PK’s properties are in the luxury or upper-upscale segment.

Insights analysis

As a Hotel owner and investor, the first thing that pops to my eyes is that almost 90% of PK EBITDA comes from its core 30 Hotels. More importantly, its REVPAR is 20% higher than its peers at $204. EBIDTA/key is roughly $35,500 (pre-COVID19), which was 14% higher when compared to its peers.

REVPAR is the hotel industry metric that indicates the revenue per available room. Higher revenue per room would mean, in the Hotel industry, that there is a moat or client captivity due to the location of the hotels or/and superior management.

As a value investor, I always try to proceed with a proper value investment analysis, Santos/Greenwald’s style. In essence, I would calculate the Asset Value with appropriate adjustment for depreciation, the Earnings Power Value with proper adjustment to the income statement for sustainable earnings, and then compare them.

Once I have found superior management and EV higher than AV, only at that point, I would assess the entry barriers and calculate the franchisee value. However, I don’t want to annoy you with my classical valuation methodology because, in this case, being a REIT, I would value it as an asset play and use different reasoning, mostly objectively focused.

Investment Thesis

My investment thesis is that we are buying superior-location and well-managed big-brand hotels strategically distributed all over the USA for the price to tangible book of around 0.41x.

Price to Tangible Book is a metric that could be useless in some sectors. However, I consider it particularly useful in real estate. This company has been affected dramatically by the COVID19 pandemic, as several PK hotels have been temporarily closed. Nevertheless, my line of argument is that PK strong Balance Sheet and liquidity make PK a winning bet for a quick recovery when the fear of the disease disappears, and the occupancy rate gets back to pre COVID19 levels.

About cash-burning, the management has estimated 73 million, of which 23 million are for corporate expenditures and the remaining 50 million for hotel operating expenses.

Let me give you a quick look at the most recent Balance Sheet

The balance sheet does not hold any Goodwill because it has already been impaired. Also, from the liquidity side, we have some extra good news because all the covenant has been amended.

Amended covenants overview

Exercise of Extension Options:

revolver maturity extended to December 2021.
Covenant Waiver.
Suspend compliance with all existing financial covenants tested through and including 3/31/21.
Pledge equity in certain subsidiaries to secure the facilities (eight high-quality hotels— a mix of urban, resort, and suburban).
Adjust levels of particular financial covenants after such a period.
Minimum liquidity covenant of $200M.

These and other amendments have been set in place to reduce the impact of the current pandemic impact.

PK has Hotel properties for $9,627M (again without Goodwill, which has all been impaired). Its cash position is $1,304M, and total debt would be around $5,095M without considering leasing.

Equity valuation

My valuation delivers an equity value of $3,8bn vs a market cap at the moment of writing of around $2,1bn. (235m shares net of treasures for the price of almost $9).

Normalized earnings

The first consideration is that PK has a REIT status. In the Risk session, we will obviously cover this part. However, the REIT status allows it not to pay any tax. To be more precise, the company has to pay them, but it will be entitled to a refund. Indeed, in the normalized earning analysis, we will take the 2017 and notice that there was a refund for $2,346M.

In order to calculate the sustainable earnings, I have taken the average revenue of $2,704M for the past 20 quarters and calculated the average margin profit of 14.90% for an earning of 403M. The average margin profit is calculated on five years average to adjust for the business cycle.

I have assumed the necessary SGA costs I would incur if I would have to run the hotel and sustain the current earnings. However, I thought that in this case a 25% could be considered as part to grow the business, so I have adjusted the earnings adding back 25% of the average SGA expenses.

Therefore, 25% of SGA costs would be $16.45M. Hence $403M plus $16.45M would be equal to $419.5M that, adding the excessive depreciation I have estimated as being $284M would be $703.5M in total.

In a “typical” non RIET company, I would have subtracted taxes from both earnings and excessive depreciation. However, since we are in a REIT model and we are assuming PK will keep the REIT status, I am not doing so.

PK is now trading at three times normalized earnings. If we consider the interest around $205M, then its TEV/EBIT is equal to $5,906M/$908.5M =6.5 times. The FFO average pre-COVID19 has always been around to $550M.

Discounted Cash Flow Analysis

I usually don’t use discount cash flow analysis for value investing strategy. Still, being the current circumstances different, as I described above, I thought that this approach would be useful to have another perspective on PK’s asset value once cash flow is normalized.

I have worked a discounted cash flow analysis considering a minimum perpetual growth and a recovery scenario in 2024.

I’ve assumed a gradual recovery in EBITDA to reach pre-COVID levels in 2024. My underlying assumptions in the DCF model are 11% discount WACC (which looks very conservative as current debt represents around 60% of total sources factoring equity at market value) and 2,25% perpetual growth rate.

Under these assumptions, my conservative target price could be in the region of $16.5 per share leaving above 60% potential upside at current prices. I’ve also made a quick sensitivity to check to which extent the equity value is sensitive to WACC and perpetual growth rate.

To justify the current price, you should either assume inflation minus perpetual growth rate or two digits WACC. Both are not reasonable considering the nature of the business and PK capital structure.

Catalyst

It isn’t necessary to dig deeper into more metrics to explain the value of such assets in the case that COVID19 fades away, and earnings eventually get back to normal. If we take a look from the other side to the pre-COVID19 profit and loss, we will understand the potential of the revenue generation outside the pandemic environment.

I am confident that due to the strength of the Balance Sheet and the available liquidity for over 24 months, that PK is a great card to play. A COVID Vaccine and consequentially a return to traveling will significantly increase the PK valuation rapidly

Risks

Risks are directly connected to the extended COVID situation. The time frame that takes to return to sustainable earnings is what instantly impacts the valuation. I believe that in case of need, the strong balance sheet and the low leverage scenario would allow the company to pull another 1 Billion credit line easily.

Another possible Risk is if the company loses its REIT status, this itself due to tax saving can be worth $6 – $7 per share.

Insiders

It’s useful to add that in recent months, insiders have been purchasing shares at a price on average much higher than today’s price.

I would like to repeat the disclaimer that this is not financial advice. This article is just an analysis of a company that I decided to share because it is an example of how the current situation has affected the stock market and how I analyze firms under a Value Investing approach. You can read my article about “Investing under the new paradigm” if you would like to have a more holistic idea of my investing perspective during and after COVID-19.

About Antonio Velardo

by Antonio Velardo

Investing under the new paradigm

Why are you so scared and worried about the budget deficit?

How many trillions of budget deficit can the government sustain? An infinite number of trillions if we speak about the USA government and the dollar. However, not without consequences, but let’s go by order and understand how to take advantage of the new paradigm we are living under.

If the government spends $100 into the economy, and it taxes $30, then the remaining 70 dollars are on someone else’s book and pocket. The deficit is always good for someone, that is for the people that did not have money, and it’s, on the other side, terrible for the savers in that currency.

A great investor in today’s paradigm is someone that finds an opportunity to short the dollar. Your real job today as an active investor is to follow the Fed wind, check where it goes, and take advantage of their policy. How you do that? You short the dollar. You find all possible ways to trade a fiat currency with asset or medium of exchange that would produce future cash flow or will be recognized as a better store of wealth.

Businesses producing future cash flow most likely means that inflation will be dealt with. In 20 years, the new iPhone would, for sure, cost more numerically speaking that the one today. Businesses are a way to short the dollar because their cash flow will adjust for inflation. Gold, from the other end, is just perceived as a better store of value than the worthless dollars, but gold will not produce cash flow.

What did we say above? The deficit for the government is just money in someone else’s pocket. So, why don’t you take advantage of that extra money in the economy? It will go somewhere, and they will be spending so to produce more cash flow, increase sales, and promote innovation.

Investors fail to understand the nature of the deficit budget, its consequences on the economy, and how to take advantage of it regarding your asset allocation. MMT clarify that, in a simple sentence, “USA Government does not have financial constrain, it can print as much as it wants, and should just replace its artificial constrains, with a real constrain which is inflation.”

Can printing go too far?

Absolutely, to the point of creating real inflation, but the Fed “should not monitor the inflation.” At least according to their expectation inflation model (that frankly is not even a proper model), but through a full-employment policy. To be fair to the MMT people, the Fed does not have an appropriate model of working of inflation, and fiscal policy could monitor inflation by draining money supply with taxes or setting a new system in place to avoid bubbles in particular sectors.

Even if the government “disagrees” with the MMT policy or ideas, the Fed agenda and the government fiscal stimulus are effectively following them. What else could they do? I don’t disagree with that. I don’t blame the Fed, I just follow the wind and short the fiat currency in the smartest way possible. I invest by keeping in mind that my first objective is shorting the dollar. The consequences of money printing will be two, weaker dollars and money flying in the pocket of the smarter and younger, who will spend in technology and luxury products.

Investing in companies providing such services will guarantee that the future cash flow will be considering inflation. Let’s look at diversification and the world economy. Where geographically allocate my wealth? While USD is a reserve currency, the USA can manage to print trillions to crate stimulus, and eventually later manage the inflation efficiently. That is not possible for other countries in emerging markets and particularly South America.

Hyperinflation based on inflation expectation, contrary to the USA, is highly possible in South America. Most countries there tend to fight economic depression with money printing. Those are hard spots that I would consider shorting at any chance I have. Because, unless they don’t find political leadership able to guide through the crisis, they will be in trouble for many many years.

If you, as a country, have debt in a foreign currency and do not have the means to produce and sell products that attract dollars, you will be in serious trouble.

Investment thesis

My investment thesis for the next years is:

Invest in USA equity, in particular, tech companies.
Take debt in USD and Euro to finance businesses and Real estate. Fiat currency will be cheaper and will create, with time, a significant spread between its cash flow that will adapt to inflation. Its intrinsic value will be lower every year.
Not hold bonds in my portfolio. Those will not be a hedge anymore versus my equity. I would only own junk bonds that I genuinely believe will not face bankruptcy and will be recovering.
Have a small amount of crypto and very little gold.

If you would like to go deeper into this and have a broader view, I recommend one of my last articles called “What does Bear not understand about the market’s current situation?”

About Antonio Velardo

by Antonio Velardo

What does Bear not understand about the market's current situation?

The economy seems to be in a deep recession, and the market is almost back where it was a few months ago pre-COVID. Some people are still scratching their heads about it, but I’m not. Actually, I profited from this crisis. My performance and equity line have skyrocketed. Let me explain why it wasn’t that hard to predict the direction of the market and take advantage of it, by limiting the risk with OTM options.

The S&P500 is our reference index in the market, and how the index is currently weighted, big Tech companies are an essential part of its portfolio. Amazon, which is now one of the most significant components of the S&P500, is up almost 50% as I am writing this.

COVID has accelerated the progress of digital society. Cloud firms, digital communication enterprises, and all the companies for which mass adoption of technology would probably have taken many more years have now reached impressive levels due to people staying home during the pandemic.

Technology is sticky; great tech companies have historically had a low churn rate. Still, when people discover and use these technologies, they get attached to them because they fall in love with the benefits. Adoption is the key to the valuation of tech companies. Its compound effect on the network is the hidden secret of those that apparently have a lousy multiple but know that once on a growing path, it can go far.

What does increased adoption mean for the network? Exponential or at least logarithmic growth. If all the assets are “just” a matter of calculating the Net Present Value (well, “just” is a euphemism), then even if there is an apparent disruption of earnings for a couple of quarters, the valuation of the company will be higher.

What else can you have if higher earnings are at the horizon due to adoption increase, and the hurdle rate is going virtually to zero? What else would you expect? Your Net Present Value now will be a result of a more significant number on top and much lower denominator for a higher valuation.

Forget about all that negativity and moaning of the street economy from your friend’s bakery or your cousin’s restaurant. The bankrupt has little or nothing to do with those tech giants with market caps of trillions of dollars that are benefiting from the digital life and their moat in this arena.

Your poor bankrupted friend who lost his job or small business, he has no access to the capital market or the Fed Power, he could probably be in deep trouble, but that has nothing to little to do, at least for now, with the best and most powerful market in the world.

Many of us were fortunate enough to profit from the last crisis in 2009. I made 20 times my money and became wealthier by using the Fed’s Quantitative Easing paradigm to invest in assets that, at the time, nobody wanted. However, a few years later, thanks to the expansive monetary policy, my real estate was available to be bought from the same bankrupted people that could not keep up before because of their credit. The same people that lost their single-family homes ten years ago, which I paid 70k for, are buying back the same property from me at 300k with the bank’s money again.

Equity, and in particular Tech, did even better. Look at Apple, Facebook, and Amazon’s stock price a few years ago and compare it to the current rate. I have some friends who kept gold and were preaching against money printing, evoking inflation and the Financial Armageddon. Gold is now returning at a price similar to that of ten years ago, while my Tech’s stock value is ten times what it was. Those friends that used to hang out with me are now not much better off than a decade ago.

This time it has been even easier to make money. It was not difficult to understand which paradigm we were under and what would happen with such a strong and motivated Fed. Trump and Powell (the Chairman of the Federal Reserve) were the certainties that the USA would do anything to bring the market up. They and their language, speech, and willingness to take care of the market were the assurance that the cheap option premium, which was indeed very cheap, would produce amazing results. OTM option premium in March and April on Tech did 7x to 10x.

It’s funny when people find an excuse not to invest because they worry about the Fed’s balance sheet. I don’t get what they think, like if having cash would help them, what damaging fear can be to even the smartest!

Cash is trash, Ray Dalio mentioned recently. The worse place you can be when there is such accommodating monetary policy is cash. Assets, in particular stocks, are the most efficient protection you can have for inflation. Intuitively people think about gold and real estate. But, the best place to be is quality equity, low debt, big moat, and resiliency to the pandemic. In other words, top tech companies.

On the flip side, I’m not worried about the debasement of the currency, and after keeping Bitcoin for so many years, I believe it currently isn’t an alternative to the dollar, and probably won’t be for the next few years. In another article, I will explain my view of Bitcoin which is, for the short term, at least, only a function of the liquidity on the market.

The US will find a way to deal with inflation, and when it happens, which I am quite sure will be in a few years, taxes will increase and drain the extra inflation away. However, I will be offshore and won’t be touched by it. Bonds and cash will be a dead beat, and your fear will become your worst enemy. If you have some savings, a medium two-to-four year horizon and plan to retire, buy stocks with leaps option, quality stock, or index if you are able to spot the right one. And buy your residency in an incredible lovely tax paradise, I am sure it will work just fine.

All this generosity by the Fed will eventually finish when the dollar is threatened as a reserve currency. Right now, they are doing all it takes to keep the economy up, but fiscal and monetary policy will drain the money away from the economy in the near future.

The wealth gap will be huge, much bigger than now. All of us that have benefited from the asset bubble towards which we are flying will be 100 times richer than those with no savings. And will, eventually, live another paradigm in which the wealthy would ultimately be hit. However, my retirement will be offshore, and my money safe from taxes.

Now please be careful, I am only advocating to go long on the top class companies in the USA. Your hedge should be being short on the countries and companies that don’t have the benefit of having a reserve currency.

I think you can be an Alpha creator if you can pick not only the winners but also the losers of the market. This market created an enormous differentiation, and now it hasn’t been effective in discriminating, so here it comes the new strategy to hedge your position.

To be more precise, the current crisis is different than the boom and bust cycle that usually leads to a financial crisis. In a typical economic cycle, the interest gets pushed up when things are going great to avoid inflation. Economic contraction starts to happen, the debt crisis will show up, and then again, monetary policy will start the expansion period to accommodate the economy.

The normal debt cycle, the way we know it, will result in credit falling, monetary policy tightening, and only after, the income will be hit before a new accommodating monetary policy kick in. However, because of the virus, we had income falling before, in a scenario where the interest rate was already zero. Credit expansion now cannot be exercised by merely cutting interest rates, so the Fed needs to adopt other policies to be effective.

Once that happens, the way out has been Quantitative Easing, but that weapon has also been used. So now the Fed is moving to something that has never happened before. More and more economies are embracing Modern Monetary Theory or MMT.

MMT has different layers and approaches, but basically it is the idea that a country could and should always run at a constant deficit. Instead of going deeper into theory, let’s focus on the paradigm’s consequences and how to structure your strategy.

Economies that have reserve currencies like the USD will be able to “print their way out” without creating hyperinflation, at least for the next few years. But all those countries that don’t have that ability will face more significant issues and a hyperinflation scenario.

Fiscal policy will be used in combination with monetary policy to send money to support the economy. Now “support the economy” does not mean the market goes up, it means that the Fed will do all it takes to promote full employment, and that is their mandate.

At a certain point, all those companies affected by COVID will eventually be picked up, to generate jobs. I would not be surprised if, in the next few months, the affected sectors receive an extra stimulus. At the end of the day, the Fed knows that the only way to reach full employment is to send money and support the old economy businesses. To incentivize jobs to the less skilled people, who are the ones suffering, that necessarily needs to be done with fiscal stimulus.

The difference between the countries without this ability, like the emerging markets in Latin America and the USA or Europe, will be enormous. The gap will increase with time, and if not dealt with, conflicts and riots will be a daily issue in those countries. Shorting Latin America, their banks, and debts would be your hedge while long on the USA market.

What will happen in the long term? Well, I recall a lesson at university in which when studying MMT, my professor was speaking about the colonies, and how they were operating their monetary policy.

Dutch colonies; for example, were printing to pay their local workers (the slaves). Printing paper currency and plenty of it, with the queen or king’s head on it, to pay to the slaves. Where was this leading? You would be thinking “inflation,” well, those colonies were obligated to pay a lot of taxes. And do you know what the Dutch army was doing with it? They were burning piles of money to drain the inflation. That was a way to get the useless paper out of the system and, at the same time, to make it less worthless.

So, we are moving into a scenario in which we will see asset pricing inflating. Those who have access to credit and assets will become more prosperous, while others will be much poorer. One day, far in the future, this large gap will have a repercussion in politics. Taxes will be the way for the poor to take back some wealth, and it will be the only way for the governments to avoid the debasement of the whole system.

If the strategy is not clear: long USA equity and short emerging markets, especially South America. Look for assets and businesses that target the rich, not the poor. Start to look for a place to run to when taxes hit hard, escaping from taxes could be an issue if you don’t prepare for it, and take all your money back. Becoming wealthy will be that easy.

About Antonio Velardo

Antonio manages an 8-figure portfolio of his investment company with a team of analysts; he is a sort of FinTweet mentor, people interact with him online, and he has more than 40,000 followers after his tweets. He has built a fortune in the great tech years and put together a tail strategy during the pandemic that allowed him to take advantage of the market drop. “I did not time the market, and I did not think this was even a black sworn,” he says.

by Antonio Velardo